//周日話題:當司法淪為政治壓迫的儀式,反抗是否仍然可能?
2021/9/5
【明報專訊】在今日香港,每日讀着匪夷所思的法庭新聞,畫幼童畫冊要還押,一句有無限詮釋的口號就係分裂國家情節嚴重,大概除了有權拘捕和有權審判的人以外,已無人相信政治案件還有公平審訊的可能。
然而莊嚴肅穆的法律程序,每日仍一絲不苟地進行着,用優雅文句專業術語寫判決,將一個個公民未審先送入監獄、重判異見者;但,偶爾,如果認罪認得早、求情信夠可信,如果警員證供真係矛盾到超過人類可接受範圍,還是會有好消息。
也還有法律界權威說,香港法治95至99%運作正常。
誠然,在一般人的想像中,司法淪陷並不是現在這樣,要到法官對政權言聽計從,警、檢、官全部都係佢嘅人,一條龍將異見者直送監獄個個判足10年才算——香港還遠遠沒到那一步,辯方仍可據理力爭、與控方互有攻防,有些法官還會講斥責控方/警方證人的人話;而「小勝」仍有,暴動、非法集結不是輕判、甚至無罪,國安案都有得保,政權眼中釘鄒幸彤昂首走出法院。公平審訊不可得,但「較佳」結果仍可能,官始終有「好壞」、「釘放」,律師辯才經驗都有高低長短,辯護策略、技術性疑點,求情內容……從輕發落,仍然可期。
但what if 這套仍有「希望」的司法制度,才對威權政體最有利?一啖砂糖一啖屎來回反覆,不斷將針對全社會的恐懼擴大,同時向被告發放「未絕望,仲有變數」的信息。
手足的一線生機,令司法也彷彿仍未徹底崩塌;而當重點只在被告的最大利益(最短刑期),審訊就只剩下認罪與否、如何避過定罪元素,行為和說話的意義可以有幾模糊,求情,見感化官幾有悔意,保釋條件講到幾盡……
當掌握被告生殺大權的法院,成為政權壓迫系統的一部分,已無人可以在司法制度中看得見達至公義的路徑,但個人利益最大化的路徑卻相當清晰:它正在誘使被控告者將個人利益置於首要、唯一的考慮,與運動、甚至過去的自己割裂開來。在此過程中,透過被告自我否定,消解受審事件的政治意義,將符合政權敘事的新現實強加社會。政治案件被告選擇走上個人利益最大化的路徑,就要參與政權劃定的「法律」框架,無可避免被融入政治壓迫正當化的程序。
由此,政治犯身上,似乎出現一個兩難:自己的best interest,與自己對行動/所信之事的理解,在法律程序中必然衝突。身處此結構當中,面對結果已定的政治審訊,我想知道,反抗是否仍然可能?
一、法院作為威權體制的一部分:The legitimacy paradox
(或者這篇文將來要拿去呈堂呢……所以我更需要認真地、引經據典地討論這個問題:)一個仍享有「獨立」地位的司法體系,為何會「自主」地傾向威權,成為政權壓制意見與反抗最關鍵的工具?
在香港的公共論述中,「法治」往往與「公義」直接掛鈎,但不同時空、地域的前例已顯示,法治、司法獨立、程序公正、政治審判與威權統治,可以並行不悖,甚至相互依存。如果法院不能為政權所用,早就落得如公民社會其他範疇一樣的下場;威權之下,法院本就無遺世獨立、做「公義最後防線」的條件。
學者M. Shapiro如此描述威權下法院面對的Legitimacy paradox(正當性悖論):
「法院若挑戰政權的不公義,會引發政權加強箝制,無法保持獨立而失卻正當性;但法院若迎合政權,則會在公共眼中不再獨立,同樣失卻正當性。即使法院取得平衡,維持到自身的正當性,這份正當性卻只會令威權整體更具正當性。」[1]
① 面對政治檢控 無知即力量
目前政權瘋狂清洗公民社會不同範疇,祭出的說辭是「法律」(「我哋只有一把尺就係『依法辦事』,總之你犯法我哋就會執法」,蕭澤頤),手法是拉晒啲人上法庭直接還押,或以此為威脅。
不同威權政體的例子告訴我們,政權的合法性來源(革命功績/經濟成果/意識形態)愈疲弱,就愈須倚仗「法律」、「法院」、「法治」,利用程序與「法」的正當性,解決自身無足夠能量處理的政治問題,迴避政治後果。與不確定性較大的選舉或隨時反噬的暴力鎮壓相比,具有「超然政治之上」光環的法院,是成本最低的選擇。
於是政權不斷將政治問題推向法院,法院則一邊強調「只處理法律問題」,一邊被迫作出各種政治判斷:徐子見或危害國安而鄒家成不會,難道是沒有政治判斷的司法認知?「水炮車係權威嘅象徵」,又如何不是一個政治判斷?「只僵化地引用法律條文,不看條文及裁決是否符合法治精神,本身就是一個政治決定」(戴,2018)[2]
但既偏離法律範疇,法院又有何權威去做這些判斷?即是不計其政治立場有否偏頗,香港法官對政治的「司法認知」,分分鐘連一個中學生都不如(否則點會問李立峯「集會唔係有組織者嘅咩」或稱「不相信防暴警會眾目睽睽下說出『阿sir做嘢唔×使你教』」)。結果,法庭往往全盤接受控方版本,還自詡專業公正、不受民粹左右;政權則用法院判決為政治打壓正名,以「尊重司法獨立」為名,神化法官及裁決,壓制質疑。
② 為免被人推翻,先要自我推翻
威權政體往往牢控立法、修憲權力,一旦法院判決偏離其掌控,即可透過修改法律,推翻法院判決。要確保法院「醒醒定定」,唔使用劍亦唔使提法官有老婆仔女,只需讓法院知道自己的判決隨時可以被政權無效化就夠。若判決無人尊重,法院的存在亦無意義;為了維持自己剩餘的獨立、自主與權威,法院有誘因順從政權(但無乜誘因諗人權)。
於是我們不時見到「我輕判你,一陣DOJ又覆核㗎啦」,以及「一陣人大釋法咪仲大鑊,香港發展嘅空間又會再細咗」,裁判官選擇直接重判,高院上訴庭和終院選擇在人大出手前先自我調節。於是,港澳辦副主任鄧中華盛讚香港法院「對國安法形成了正確認識,特別在保釋、陪審團,指定法官制度……較好地落實了立法原意」。
直頭摸頭讚你乖。「如何判決不至引來政權干預」,與「如何判決才能讓政權滿意」,其實是同一回事。在威權法治下,法官究竟有否「捍衛法治」的意圖,都改變不了他們正在將政權對異見者的壓迫正當化的事實;而香港法官連僅餘的人權保障空間亦不善用,更令人質疑其正在利用社會對釋法的疑慮,積極地迎合政權。當你為了保存自己而無制限地妥協時,你想保存的早就被你親手斷送了。
③ 選擇性裁決 鞏固無力感
「正當性」不過一重外衣。法院對抗爭共同體真正造成的傷害,遠不至於此。
政治壓迫的司法化(Judicialization of oppression)將打壓針對少數、個別人的特例,轉化為可穩定地恆常操作的系統;最穩定的不是僵化地有殺錯無放過,而是充滿彈性、可鬆可緊,令人愈觸摸愈觸不到,但又無法脫離其威脅,已足以透過恐懼牽制整個社會(簡單來講,即係國安法啲保釋咁)。
一個「自主」的法院,全權掌握對任何人任意趕盡殺絕的權力,但又始終保留「放過」個別人的可能性,令焦點從檢控和羈押本身的正當性,轉向研究怎樣的官司策略,才能成為個別被放過的人:只是一個「可能」,足以耗盡抗爭陣營絕大部分資源、關注、心神、情感能量,甚至意志。
最折磨人心的從來不是恐懼,而是「希望」:無力感會在反覆的徒勞嘗試與無常的滅頂之災中生根,直至行動的可能被徹底蠶食。
二、不要被政權奪走詮釋敘事的權力
「一場政治審訊,是在一個可見的場域,由對立的各方就法律秩序規範正當性爭辯,而不僅僅關乎當前司法框架下官司的勝敗。」[3]
一場審訊所影響的,遠不只是一個抗爭者個體的命運,關鍵政治案件尤其——營造恐懼與不確定,消耗民間社會,建構政權要的敘事,改寫集體記憶,徹底改造一個社會的政治空間,才是威權下政治審訊的作用。
法院之所以對政權重要,還因其「展示」的功能:政權要你消失、要你沉默,還要你自我推翻、背棄同儕,即使毋須像蘇聯show trial一樣對黨國感激涕零,也要你以順從來認可這套儀式。它從不需要你心悅誠服,違心的配合,正好助其維繫以恐懼牽制所有人的壓迫系統。「留得青山在」實是一場無限滑坡,達至個人最低刑期之法,也包括成為控方證人。如果看一場官司不僅僅關心刑期長短,認罪和配合與否的決定就包括你是否要對政權編造的「事實」,在法律程序中給予無條件的認可,讓法院亦因而免卻自身監察及制衡政權的責任,繼續扮超然。
唔知唐英傑判九年,多少人反應是「早知就應該認啦,扣三分一好過」?唐的想法只有他自己知道,但決定不認罪時,他想必衡量過敗訴要承受的後果。因是經審訊定罪,法院就必須在判辭中清晰交代理據,於是條文本身的缺陷,法官對政治問題的獨斷,對基本人權的無視,對政權敘事的投誠,對合理質疑的左閃右避,都在判辭中一清二楚。
這是一份根本無法自圓其說的判辭,「賣飛佛」是「因為兜多咗幾個街口所以情節嚴重」!
即使被困囿於這個系統,也不等於我們與政權的分歧,只能體現在程序與細節之中。我對「法治」並無任何執念,所謂法治精神,只是一個社會如何理解何謂「公義」的載體;而在司法是否合乎公義的問題上,政權抑或法官,都沒有凌駕任何公民之上的權威——普羅百姓(ordinary men)對法院的檢驗和監督,是普通法制的基礎。
今日香港法院所維護的而非公義,而是政權的利益;法院對法律與「事實」近乎絕對的詮釋權力,也非來自對法律/法治的權威理解,而僅僅來自一言不合就可以全無合理解釋將異見者收監的制度暴力。當法院的權威,要靠拿攝錄機對準公眾席,隨時將旁聽公眾收監的威脅來維持,這座法院還有何正當性可言?
政權正努力地以司法改造,消滅抗爭敘事,但在它放棄司法作為合法性外衣——轉為閉門審訊——之前,它都必須給予被審判者說話的空間。就在此空間中,我們要與政權爭奪的正當性的話語權,不容政權壟斷對公義的詮釋,不容審訊歪曲記憶與事實,不容法官迴避自身真正的責任。
政權利用司法與其他工具散播恐懼與無力的目的,是改變「香港」之所以為「香港」的一切意涵,徹底否定「香港」的存在。而我們每一個行動與選擇,都在抵抗與反擊政權對香港的強行扭曲,重新定義香港之所以為香港的本質。
這本就是一個永不會完成的使命。
Best interest是什麼?
當然,被拋入「政治犯」身位, 不等於就有在政治審訊中頑抗的責任;法庭不是唯一的戰場,也無人有義務犧牲自己的best interest去嘗試開拓。
但這個討論的缺口在:究竟所謂一個人的best interest是什麼?在律師、官司與法庭的語境,它必然等同獲批保釋或最低刑期,因而必然和運動對立。
「唔好諗其他嘢啦,你都要諗吓自己」都聽唔少。於是我好認真咁「諗自己」:究竟我的best interest是什麼?
是自由地說話,是在一個真正開放的公共空間,與其他自由的人建立有意義的連結;是始終可以用批判的精神思考任何現象,挑戰一切定見,即使自詡為歷史必然,不以人的意志轉移的巨大結構;是體認自己一切行動的意義,不因任何強制或壓迫而扭曲。
所以我必須直面這一個戰場。
法院要如何面對它的paradox,是法院的責任和決定(吓,唔使幫你諗埋啩?);但於我,那個政治犯面對、諗自己定諗個運動的paradox其實係假的。政權及為其所用的司法機器正試圖將我從共同體中割裂出來,再透過抹殺我作為個體的存在,否定共同體的存在;若我始終拒絕被抹殺、拒絕自我否定,拒絕成為政權營造恐怖的一部分,透過固守自身,就同時固守了共同體的一部分,令其不至消亡。
自我正是已突破壓迫的姿態所定義,而「香港」的存在,就是有一個個仍未被威權同化的個體的自我所組成。即使因隔阻而無法感應到共同體是否仍然存在,即使眼見她已破碎成無數相互拉扯的平行現實,要重新找到她,其實只需反照自身便可。
身處各異的困境中,每個人的best interest都不同,只有自己知道最適合自己的方向和角色是什麼。不論在怎樣的紛擾與壓迫下,依然忠於自己,就是一個人可為自己、同時為自己所認同的共同體能做的最重要的事。而兩者,本就無從分割。
[1] Shapiro, M. (2008). Courts in Authoritarian Regimes. In T. Ginsburg & T. Moustafa (Eds.), Rule by Law: The Politics of Courts in Authoritarian Regimes. Cambridge University Press.
[2] 戴耀廷(2018)《法治的挑戰: 威權下的思考》
[3] Schervish, Paul G. (1984). Political Trials and the Social Construction of Deviance. Qualitative Sociology. Vol.7
文˙何桂藍
編輯•王翠麗 //
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Commencement Address, National Taiwan University Commencement 2021
.
巨大集團 羅祥安前執行長
Giant Group Former CEO Anthony Lo
管校長,羅副校長,各位貴賓,畢業生的家長跟朋友們,還有今天最重要的2021年臺大的畢業生,大家早安、大家好!
首先恭喜你們,今天從全世界最優秀大學之一的臺灣大學畢業了!
在過去幾年,在管校長,以「大學教改」和「國際化」的理念,率領全體師生的努力之下,臺大在全世界的能見度,和各項排名,都有顯著的進步,也讓身為校友的我們倍感光榮。
是不是我們大家一起鼓掌,給自己鼓勵一下好不好!
你們今天剛剛畢業,但是你們已經創造了臺大一項新的紀錄:第一次,沒有傳統畢業典禮的畢業生。這將是你們人生一個非常特別的回憶,也預表了你們未來將會有與眾不同的表現,和非凡的成就。
現在的世界,局勢是在東方跟西方的勢力,彼此對抗而動盪不安。而全世界的經濟活動,也因為科技的突破性創新,而受到很大的影響。不盡理想的、不盡公平的全球化,也將逐漸地變成 全球在地化。而COVID-19肆虐全球的結果,使得臺灣跟全世界,大家的生活型態、社會的結構、經濟活動的節奏都被打亂了,而必須要加以全面的整理跟重新的架構。這當然是一個危機,但是更是一個絕好的機會。所以,將你們迎面而來的,是無數的創新的機會,以及冒險卻令人興奮的全新挑戰。
因為臺灣,這是第一次跟全世界各個國家,同步的站在一個嶄新的共同起跑點上面。所以我要恭喜你們,你們躬逢其會,將要進入一個充滿希望、嶄新的時代。
我是1969年從臺大畢業的,所以我想今天就以我畢業之後的50多年,人生的一些學習和體會,來跟諸位分享,給諸位作個參考。
當我大學畢業的時候,我滿懷抱負,迫不及待地想要大展身手,我當時進入臺灣最大的貿易公司工作,但是我發現我所學的很多東西,只有一些國際貿易的實務跟英文有用,至於其他我所學習到的經營管理的很多知識,恐怕都要等到10年、20年之後,如果我有幸當上高級主管才能派上用場。
更諷刺的是,我是商學系畢業的,但是工作兩年後,我發現我真的不喜歡做商人,我也不喜歡做生意,我有興趣的是做事業。
後來,幸好我有聆聽我心裡面的微弱的聲音,決定踏進自行車業,放棄掉台北最好的貿易公司的金飯碗,而去參加在大甲一個只有38個人的小公司,來追求我的夢想。
那時候許多人認為我腦筋有問題,頭殼壞去,但現在回顧回來,我當時是做了人生一個非常好的決定。
創業的過程飽受艱辛,但是我也學到了很多寶貴的經驗:我首先學到的,是在做事之前,必須要先學做人。
人必須要誠信踏實,不能自私自利,而要利他共好。
要隨時心存感恩,尊重、關切別人。要熱愛這個世界,並且要了解到一個人的能力是有限的,而必須要去建立互信、互助的人際關係;要融入群體、要發揮團隊的精神。
在做事方面,一定要以正面積極的態度,認真努力去工作。 而且不要怕失敗,要勇於接受新的挑戰。因為如果有失敗了,那只是代表說你又更靠近成功一步了。要作中學,學中作,要虛心好奇的終身學習,開拓挑戰、追求卓越。
在這裡,我想要送給大家一個很特別的畢業禮物,就是兩個「成功的錦囊」。
第一個錦囊:不管你做什麼工作,不論你職務的高低,永遠都要站在顧客的立場,來為他們設想,還能做什麼,讓他們能夠得到更多的創新價值。
第二個錦囊:無論作什麼工作,不管你職務的高低,永遠都要站在經營者的角度來為公司設想,要做什麼,才能讓公司更健康,永續經營跟發展。
既使你們把我後面講的很多東西都忘記了,沒關係,但是這個畢業禮物你們一定要記得帶回去,因為這些「同理心」的兩個錦囊,在未來會給你們帶來意想不到的祝福!
其次我體會到,名跟利都是副產品。正產品是你成為什麼樣的人,成就什麼樣的事。當正產品是對的時候,名跟利都自然會來。
所以我鼓勵大家在找工作的時候,不要太計較開始的薪水和待遇。因為事實上,一個新人,在前面三年是很難有大的貢獻的,反過來只是公司發薪水來給你培訓而已。所以選擇一個有意義的行業,找一家你可以學習進步的好公司,這才是重要的。
第三,我學習到 知識不等於智慧。諸位都學有專精,有很多寶貴的知識,但這些知識必須要實際去做才能夠產生經驗,而累積的時候會有不同經驗的反省、學習、跟體會,尤其是從那些失敗的經 驗,才能夠漸漸地凝結成有用的智慧。
我的成長過程分成三段,開始我是一個「I」型的人,我擁有一些經營管理的基本的能力。後來因為工作的需要和我的好奇心,我漸漸地學習到技術開發、製造生產、品牌推廣、全球經營、以及行銷、服務等等寶貴的經驗,這樣漸漸地,我就形成一個「T」型的一個跨界的人才。但是到了我真正找到公司未來的使命跟方向,並且把它跟我的人生目標結合在一起,熱情的、積極去推動的時候,那時候我終於成為一個「十字架」型的一個領導者。
當公司發展得比較穩定之後,我就面臨要如何來替公司規劃願景、使命、定位,跟長期策略。在這個階段,我有一些新的體會:首先,你必須要能夠畫出一個「黃金正三角形」,正三角形是最穩定的,上面是戰略,中間是戰術,下面是戰鬥。先要有正確的戰略,才能衍伸出有效的戰術,再根據這個戰術去貫徹戰鬥的執行。換言之,戰略就是做對的事情,戰術就是對的方法,戰鬥就是用對的方法去把事情做對做好,並且不斷地去持續改善。
想要能夠思考出長期的戰略,就必須要有洞察力。
我很喜歡看地球儀,就是那種在一個架子上面,有一個可以轉動的地球模型。當你把地球轉動的時候,你看到上面每一個地方、每一個國家,它的地理位置、它的自然生態,以及你思考它的歷史的演變跟它的發展,這樣子你就能夠得出一個整體的,跟全方位的一個概念。
在思考長期戰略的時候,很不容易得出一個有突破性的一個創見,它的原因往往是因為「當局者迷」的關係。
所以當我考慮長期戰略的時候,我會把自己設想,好像從一個人造衛星上面,來觀看一個轉動的地球。以宇宙格局的高度,以全球視野的廣度,以歷史演進的長度,這樣子你就能夠以一個「旁觀者清」的姿態和角度,來正面、反面深入思考,這樣子你就可能得到一個突破性的一個解答。「世界的捷安特」跟「全球在地化」的品牌經營—這樣子的策略、願景就是這樣產生的。
另外一種洞察力,是如何推出給人們有創新價值的產品跟服務。這就要時時地站在人文跟科技的十字路口,仔細觀察它們的變化,然後活用科技的進步,為人文潛在的需求,適時地提供最佳的解決方案。捷安特的Cycling世界,就是用這種方法,不斷的推出創新價值的產品。
我們在經營上也有發展出一個特別的理念,那就是「不求第一,要作惟一」。全世界的人這麼多,但沒有兩個人的指紋是一樣的, 所以每一個人都是獨一無二、都是惟一的。可見當上帝造每一個人的時候,祂都有衪特別的計劃,而且也把成功所需要的能力跟要素,已經放在你的心中,等待你取用。所以每一個人不應該只是模仿別人,或者是按照別人的期望來生活,而應該要找出並且發揮自己的天賦,真正做自己,成為惟一,才能夠活出精采的生命。
企業也是一樣,不能隨波逐流,必須要找出什麼才是對的,什麼是合適你的,什麼才是有意義、對這個世界有貢獻的,這個才是惟一。當你精益求精,努力的想要成為惟一的時侯,你才能夠找到真正正確的目標,以及永續生存的價值。如果事事都想為第一,那麼你可能去追求很多不切實際的目標,而被你無法承受的巨大壓力所摧毀。或者,因為不擇手段,最後走上一些錯誤的道路。
在長期追求惟一的過程當中,我也得到兩個重要的體會:當你決心做一件對的事情,而且不屈不撓,勇敢堅持奮鬥的時候,全宇宙的力量都會起來幫助你。另外,把一件有意義的事情,用生命的力量把它作好,你就有可能改變這個世界!
我鼓勵你們,聆聽你們內心深處的微小的聲音,讓它引導你們,去尋找到你們的天賦,了解你們的命定。
不求第一,要作惟一。做你真正的自己,成為惟一。活出你精彩的生命,享受你幸福的人生!
很多人說,生長在臺灣的人,一輩子裡面一定要完成三項挑戰:登玉山、泳渡日月潭、還有騎自行車環島。我覺得這非常有道理。所以我建議大家在畢業以後,在去當兵、就業之前,不妨參加一個自行車環島的旅行團,用九天的時間,仔細的去體會、欣賞寶島臺灣的美好,用自行車的輪胎去親吻,這塊生你長你的美麗大地,就當作是送給你自己的一個畢業禮物吧!
那教授們跟家長們,可能會想說,啊!太可惜了,我畢業的時候沒有騎自行車環島,我現在已經五六十歲了。沒關係,你這個年紀正好來從事人生的壯遊。
我們臺大的校長-管校長,在今年的一月份,就勇敢的完成他夢寐以求的自行車環島的壯遊。我們給管爺一個掌聲好不好?
有人認為臺灣很小、沒有前途,真的是這樣嗎?世界經濟論壇每年都要把全世界的國家的實力做一個調查跟排名。讓我們來看一下臺灣的排名。全世界有235個國家,就面積來講,我們排名第137;就人口來講,第57;就經濟體來講,第21;就整體競爭力來講,排名第11;而創新力,臺灣排名第4。沒錯,臺灣的確不大,但是我們很強,我們可以很有前途!
可預見的,未來的世界將會成為美、歐、亞三區鼎力的這個新局面。就像三個圓圈,各自都以自己的利益為優先,並且彼此長期的競爭、對抗和抵制,但是同時又不得不相互的維持一些必要的連結。而在每一個圈裡面,它將持續的有很多劇烈的改變,就像一個暴風圈一樣。而這三個暴風圈連結在一起,就形成一個所謂完全風暴PERFECT STORM。
最近經濟學人雜誌,把臺灣當作封面,稱臺灣為地球上最危險的地方,但同時又是科技業最關鍵的地方。我個人倒認為,未來臺灣可能是處在一個最有利的地位,就在那三個暴風圈中間的那個颱風眼,也就是這三個圈圈彼此連結交會的中心點。這個地方看起來好像危險,其實是最安全、最有利、又是最關鍵的地方。
當三個暴風圈無可避免的,參與在一個長期的競爭、對抗、跟抵制-這樣一個零和的賽局裡面。那臺灣並不屬於任何一個圈圈,也不需要去參與這些競爭、對抗跟抵制。而可以去想說,我可以在這個關鍵的中心點,替這個世界來提供什麼樣子的創新價值的貢獻。
臺灣過去50年的努力累積了很多技術開發、製造管理、金融資本,社會資源,以及民主法治體制,這些稀有而寶貴的實力。而且如果以全世界作為舞台,那麼,能夠精通中文跟英文、能夠深切的了解東方西方的文化;有專業,又能跨界,謙卑而不自卑,自信而不自大的臺灣人,可能是全世界最優秀的人才。
未來無法被預測,但是可以被創造!30年前,有誰能夠預測到說臺灣會產生世界級的台積電跟捷安特?
台積電秉持著作惟一的理念,以全球晶圓代工的戰略,厚植實力,打造了優質高效的供應鏈,把臺灣變成一個科技島。以臺灣為核心,轉動引領全世界的半導體市場。
捷安特也秉持著作惟一的理念,以世界的捷安特,全球在地化的品牌戰略,帶領A-Team把臺灣變成全世界高級車的中心,又積極的推動Cycling的新文化,把臺灣發展成一個自行車島,以臺灣為核心,轉動引領全世界自行車的市場。
在這裡我也期許我們臺大,也能夠以作惟一這樣子的理念,轉動引領世界,變成全世界最優秀人才培養的最佳搖籃。
未來的50年,臺灣將迎來前所未有最大的機運!所以臺灣是不是應該要脫離過去單純競爭的心態,而來積極的謀求長期的未來生存之道,或者更進一步要問自己:臺灣可以為世界貢獻些什麼?臺灣不應該只是消極的「根留臺灣」,而應該更主動積極的「放眼全球、立足亞太、深根臺灣」。
臺灣過去的50年,那是一個非常艱辛跟特別的階段。很慶幸的,臺灣在那個階段裡面,是屬於勝利的這一組。
現在是應該到了必須要了解過去、深入現在、策劃未來,這個重要關鍵的時刻。要如何的以宇宙格局的高度、以全球視野的廣度、以及歷史演進的長度,衡外情,量己力,來為臺灣重新的定位,重新畫一個正確的戰略、戰術、戰鬥的黃金三角形。讓臺灣能夠真正發揮自己的長處,能夠打造創新價值的優勢,成為惟一、做Only One!要能夠創造一個更安全、更廣闊、更興盛-全新的藍海。臺灣必須要成為世界的好公民,繼續的為全世界做更多、更好的貢獻!
2021的畢業生們,在你們當中有未來國家的領導人、有全球企業的創造者、有在社會各行各業、方方面面的核心人才,所以臺灣未來50年的未來,就掌握在你們手中了。
最後,我想用一位著名科學家的名言來作結尾: Life is like riding a bicycle. To keep your balance, you must keep moving. 人生就像騎自行車,要保持你平衡最好的方法,就是繼續不斷地向前進。
你知道這是誰的名言嗎? 沒錯,就是愛因斯坦!
2021的畢業生們,請你騎上你人生的自行車,勇敢的向前邁進,去開創你獨一無二、精彩無比的新生命跟未來。再一次,恭喜你們,並且祝福你們每一位,將來都能夠有健康、幸福、精彩跟有意義的人生!
謝謝!
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President Kuan, Executive Vice President Luo, Distinguished guests, family, friends, and most importantly, the graduating class of 2021, good morning!
First of all, congratulations! Today, you are graduating from one of the best universities in the world – National Taiwan University!
Over the last few years, President Kuan led the university forward with his vision of “educational reform” and internationalization”. Together with all the faculty and students, NTU has made significant progress in both ranking and global visibility, making us, alumni, extremely proud.
I think we deserve to give ourselves a round of applause!
You are the graduating class of 2021 and already, you have set a new record for NTU: For the first time, there will not be a traditional graduation ceremony. Let this be a very special memory of your life and a sign of the difference you will make in your future with extraordinary achievements.
The world is now in a volatile state where the East and the West are confronting each other. The world’s economic activities are also greatly affected by the breakthrough and innovations in technology. The less-than-ideal and less-than fair globalization will gradually become global localization. And as a result of COVID-19, Taiwan and the rest of the world’s lifestyle, social structure, and economy have been disrupted, and must be comprehensively reorganized and restructured. This is certainly a crisis, but in the midst of every crisis, lies great opportunity. So, what lies before you are countless opportunities for innovation, and exciting new challenges.
Because, for the first time, Taiwan is standing with the rest of the world on a new race-track. Therefore, I would like to congratulate you, you are entering a new era full of hope.
I graduated from NTU in 1969. It has been more than 50 years and today, I would like to share some of my life experiences and insights.
When I graduated from college, I was filled with ambition. I couldn’t wait to make my mark. I joined one of the largest trading companies in Taiwan, where I quickly realized the only materials I learned in school that came in handy are a little bit of international trade practices and English. Much of what I had learned about business management would only be relevant 10 or 20 years down the road, if I was lucky enough to become a senior executive.
What’s even more ironic is that I graduated with a degree in business, but after working for 2 years, I realize I really don’t like being a businessman, and I don’t like doing business. What I am actually interested in is building an enterprise.
Fortunately, I chose to listen to the faint voice in my heart and decided to enter the bicycle industry. I left my position at the best trading company in Taipei to join a small company with only 38 employees in Dajia to pursue my dream.
At the time, many people thought I must’ve broken my skull and gone crazy, but looking back, I have made a great decision in my life.
The process of starting my own enterprise has been very difficult, but I have learned many valuable lessons. The first thing I learned is that before you can do anything else, you have to learn to be a person of good character.
We must be honest, down to earth, selfless, self-serving, and altruistic for the common good.
Be grateful, respectful and caring at all times. To love the world and to understand that one person’s ability is limited and that is necessary to build interpersonal relationships of mutual trust and support; to be part of a group and to play as a team.
When it comes to work, you must work hard with a positive attitude. And don’t be afraid to fail, be brave enough to accept new challenges. Because every time you fail, it just means you are one step closer to success. Learning is an active process. We learn by doing. We must stay open-minded and curious, aspiring to lifelong learning; to explore challenges and pursue excellence.
Here I would like to give everyone a special graduation gift, which are my two tips for success:
First, always put yourself in the customer’s shoes, regardless of what you’re doing or what kind of job title you hold. Think for them, think about what else you can do to create more value for the customers.
Second, regardless of what you’re doing or what kind of job title you hold, always think about the company from the proprietor’s point of view; what can we do to build a healthier company that’s sustainable.
Even if you are going to forget everything I say later, that’ ok. Just remember to take your graduation gift at heart, because these two tips on “empathy “are sure to bring you unexpected blessings in the future!
Later on, I realized that fame and money are merely byproducts. The real product is you, what kind of person you have become and what have you achieved. When the real product is identified, fame and money will come naturally.
So I encourage you, when you look for a job, don’t be too concerned about the starting salary and benefits. Because as a matter of fact, as a newcomer, it is very difficult to make a big contribution in the first three years, so really the company is paying to give you training instead. So choose a meaningful industry and find a good company where you can improve and grow, that’s what’s important.
Thirdly, I learned that knowledge is not the same as wisdom. All of you have learned a lot and have a lot of valuable knowledge, but this knowledge must be practiced in order to produce experience, and in the process of accumulation, there will be different experiences of reflection, learning and empathy, especially from failure, slowly and surely all these experiences will be condensed into useful wisdom.
My personal development can be divided into three stages. I began as a I-shaped person with some basic skills in business management. Later on, due to my job and curiosity, I gained respected experience in technology development, manufacturing, branding, global marketing, and service and thus gradually becoming a T-shape multidisciplinary professional.
However, when I combined the future mission and direction of the company with my life goals, promoting it enthusiastically and actively, that is when I finally became a X-shape transdisciplinary leader.
Once the company became more stable, I was faced with the challenge of planning the vision, mission, positioning, and long-term strategy for the company. At this stage, I had some new insights.
First, you must be able to draw a “golden triangle”, an equilateral triangle is the most stable shape with strategy on top, tactics in the middle, and operations at the bottom. In other words, the strategy is to do the right thing, the tactics is the using the right methods, and operations is using the right methods to excel on doing the right things while constantly improving them.
To develop long-term strategies, it is necessary to have insight.
I enjoy looking at the globe, yes, the spherical model of Earth that sits on a stand and can be rotated. When you rotate the globe, you can see every place and country on it, its geographical location, its natural ecology, and you can think about its historical evolution and development, so that you can come up with an overall comprehensive concept.
When thinking about long-term strategy, it is not easy to come up with a groundbreaking idea, because “men are often blind in their own cause”
Therefore, when I think about long-term strategy, I imagine myself as if I were looking at a rotating Earth from a man-made satellite. With the height of the universe, the breadth of global vision and the length of historical evolution, you will be able think about it from the perspective of an observer, and then you may have a breakthrough. This is how the strategy and vision of “GIANT for the World” and “glocalization” brand management came about.
Another kind of insight is how to introduce the products and services to create additional value to people. This requires standing at the crossroads of humanity and technology, observing their changes carefully, and then using technological advances to provide the best solutions for the potential needs of humanity in a timely manner. This is how GIANT’s Cycling World continues to introduce innovative values to its products.
We have also developed a special philosophy in our business, which is “don’t be the first one, be the only one”. There are so many people in the world, but no two people share the same fingerprints, making each person unique and one of a kind. God created each person with purpose and has gifted us with the abilities and elements needed for success. All of which is in your heart, waiting for you to take them. Therefore, we should not just follow each other’s footstep or live under the expectations of someone else. Instead, we should find and give reigns to our talents, to truly be ourselves, to become the only one and live a brilliant life.
The same applies to businesses, you can’t just go with the flow, we must find what is right and suitable and what is meaningful and contributive to the world, this is what it means to be the only one. When you strive for excellence and strive to be the only one, you will find the right goals and the value of sustainability. If you try to be first in everything, you may pursue many unrealistic goals and either be destroyed by unbearable pressure or resort to doing whatever it takes, and end up on the wrong path.
I have learned two important lessons in my long quest to be the “only one”. When you are determined to do the right thing and you are unyielding and persistent in your struggle, the power of the universe will rise up and help you. In addition, if you do something meaningful and do it well with the power of life, you may change the world.
I urge you to listen to the small voice deep within you and let it guide you to find your talents and understand your destiny.
Do not seek to be the first but to be the only. Be true to yourself and be the only one. Live your life to the fullest and enjoy your life to the fullest!
Many people say that growing up in Taiwan, you must complete three challenges in your lifetime: climb to the top of Jade Mountain, swim across Sun Moon Lake, and ride a bike around the island. I think this is very true. Therefore, I suggest that after graduation, before you go to the military or get a job, you might as well join a bicycle tour around the island and spend nine days to carefully experience and appreciate the beauty of Taiwan. As a graduation gift to yourself, let the tires kiss the beautiful land where you were born and raised.
All the professors and parents must be thinking in regret, “Ah! Too bad! I didn’t ride my bike around the island when I graduated and now I’m already in my 50s and 60s…” But that’s okay! You are actually at the perfect age to start your adventurous life.
Our President of NTU, President Kuan bravely completed his dream bike tour around the island in January this year. Let’s give President Kuan a round of applause!
Some people think that Taiwan is small and has no future. Every year, the World Economic Forum conducts a survey and ranking of the strength of countries around the world. Let’s take a look at Taiwan’s ranking. There are 235 countries in the world and we rank 137th in terms of landmass, 57th in terms of population, 21st in terms of economy, 11th in terms of overall competitiveness, and 4th in terms of innovation. It’s true that Taiwan is not big, but we are strong and we have a promising future.
In the foreseeable future there will become a new situation in which the United States, Europe and Asia will be the three focal regions. Just like three circles, each of which prioritizes its own interests and is in long-term competition, confrontation and resistance, but at the same time has to maintain some necessary links with each other. And in each circle, drastic changes will be endless, just like a storm circle. These three storm circles are linked together to form a so-called PERFECT STORM.
The Economist magazine recently featured Taiwan on its cover, calling it the most dangerous place on earth, but at the same time the most critical place for the technology industry. Personally, I think that Taiwan may be in the most favorable position in the future, right in the middle of the three storm circles, the eye of the typhoon, which is the center point where these three circles are connected. This place seems dangerous, but in fact it is the safest, most favorable, and most critical place.
When the three storm circles are inevitably involved in a long-term competition, confrontation, and boycott - a zero-sum game. Taiwan does not belong to any of these circles, nor does it need to participate in these competitions, confrontations, and boycotts. Instead, situated in this critical position, I should begin to think about what kind of innovative value I can provide to the world.
Taiwan's efforts over the past 50 years have accumulated many rare and valuable strengths in technology development, manufacturing management, financial capital, social resources, and the democratic rule of law system. If the world is our stage, Taiwanese people who are proficient in Chinese and English, who have a deep understanding of Eastern and Western cultures, who are professional, who can cross borders, who are humble but not inferior, and who are confident but not arrogant, may be the best talents in the world.
The future cannot be predicted, but it can be created! 30 years ago, who could have predicted that Taiwan would produce globally renowned TSMC and GIANT?
TSMC is committed to the concept of being the only one, and has built up its strengths with its global foundry strategy, creating a high-quality and efficient supply chain and turning Taiwan into a technology island. With Taiwan as the core, TSMC is leading the worldwide semiconductor market.
GIANT also upholds the concept of "Be the only one" and leads the A-Team to turn Taiwan into the center of the world's premium bikes with the brand strategy of globalization and localization, and actively promotes the new culture of cycling, developing Taiwan into a cycling island and leading the world's cycling market with Taiwan as the core.
Here I also hope that we, NTU, can also lead the world with the concept of being the only one, and become the best cradle for the cultivation of the best talents in the world.
In the next 50 years, Taiwan will have the greatest opportunity ever! Therefore, Taiwan should get rid of the simple competitive mentality of the past and actively seek the long-term survival of the future, or go even further and ask itself: What can Taiwan contribute to the world? Taiwan should not just "secure Taiwan" in a conservative way, but should be more proactive with global outlook and establish a foothold in the Asia Pacific.
The last 50 years, for Taiwan, has been very difficult and significant. Fortunately, Taiwan pulled through and came out as one of the winners.
Now is the crucial moment to understand the past, delve into the present, and plan for the future. We must take the height of the universe, the breadth of our global vision, and the length of historical evolution, weigh the external situation, and measure our own strengths to reposition Taiwan and draw the golden triangle of strategy, tactics, and operations. Taiwan should be able to give full play to its strengths, create innovative value, and become the only one! Taiwan must become a good citizen of the world and continue to make more and better contributions to the world!
Graduates of 2021, among you are the future leaders of the country, the creators of global enterprises, and the core talents in all walks of life, the future is in your hands.
Finally, I would like to conclude with a quote from a famous scientist: Life is like riding a bicycle. To keep your balance, you must keep moving.
Do you know who this quote belongs to? That's right, Einstein!
Graduates of 2021, please get ready for your life adventure, get on your bikes and peddle courageously forward to create your own unique and exciting future. Again, congratulations and best wishes to each and every one of you for a healthy, happy, and meaningful life!
Thank you!
詳見:
https://www.facebook.com/NTUCommencement/posts/2718162161807541
.
#臺灣大學 #畢業典禮 #NTUCommencement2021 #貴賓致詞 #羅祥安
rule of law意義 在 邱顯智 Facebook 的最讚貼文
昨天發生了一件警察盤查人民,因為人民「不配合」而發生衝突,最後將民眾以妨害公務現行犯逮捕移送的案子。
妨害公務相關的部分,因為立法委員不適合介入個案,我也不在現場,不知道究竟發生了什麼事情,因此在案件確定以前,我不會表示意見。
然而,在事件的前半段也就是盤查的部分,中壢分局宣稱,盤查是 #騎著機車的巡邏員警 ,在 #加強巡邏區域, #發現陌生臉孔 後,依據警察職權行使法第6條第1項第6款 「 #行經指定公共場所、路段及管制站者」的規定,進行身分查證。
先不論中壢分局的說法,和警察當下講的理由根本不同(「看妳有沒有被報失蹤」、「因為我是警察本來就可以盤查妳」、「妳在公眾得出入場所」、「妳一直看我」、「憑我經驗」。)
請看VCR:
https://video.udn.com/embed/news/1205113
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f9_HgGvkNnY
中壢分局的說法,透漏分局高層顯有不清楚警察職權行使法的規定之虞。以下針對這點,來為你各位長官們進行法治教育。
依據警察職權行使法第6條第1項第6款規定:「警察於公共場所或合法進入之場所,得對於下列各款之人查證其身分:六、行經指定公共場所、路段及管制站者。」為了避免過於空泛,同條第2項規定:「前項第六款之指定,以防止犯罪,或處理重大公共安全或社會秩序事件而有必要者為限。其指定應由警察機關主管長官為之。」
換句話說,警察職權行使法並沒有讓警察獲得「此路是我開」的權力。除了形式上必須是「指定公共場所、路段及管制站」並由「警察機關主管長官」指定之外,更要符合「防止犯罪,或處理重大公共安全或社會秩序事件而有『必要』」的要件。
而促成警察職權行使法立法的重要憲法解釋-- #司法院釋字第535號解釋 ,更早就明示:「除法律另有規定外,警察人員執行場所之臨檢勤務,應限於已發生危害或依客觀、合理判斷易生危害之處所、交通工具或公共場所為之,其中處所為私人居住之空間者,並應受住宅相同之保障;對人實施之臨檢則須以有相當理由足認其行為已構成或即將發生危害者為限,且均應遵守比例原則,不得逾越必要程度。」
如果分局長有指定地點的話,從中壢分局強調「發生及查獲多起案件」來看,應該是以「防止犯罪」為指定地點的理由。然而,所謂的「防止犯罪」,應該要和「地點之指定」間,有最起碼的關聯性(例如鄰近餐廳或酒店附近的路段,為了防止酒駕,因此設置臨檢點),以符合比例原則中適當性的要求。
此外,更不能泛泛指定(不然整個高譚市,都是你的臨檢站),以謹守必要性的要求。
最後,「#陌生臉孔」除了完全不符合各款要件之外,更可能和前面查獲的案件沒什麼關聯性(又不是前案嫌疑人或被告)。
說真的,這種說法,和當年客委會主委(現任文化部長)李永得,被警察以穿夾腳拖「看起來像壞人」,而在台北轉運站盤查的意義,差不了多少。
容我提醒各位警察長官:在現代法治國家,警察不過是穿上制服的人民。而警察執法,更應該遵守"policing by consent"的指導原則。如果沒有得到法律授權,人民自然沒有提供資料的義務,警察連一分鐘都不該浪費人民的時間。
如果不能恪遵法治國的要求和精神,那就不再是服務公民的rule of law(依法而治),而是將人民視為客體的rule by law(以法而治)。
相關報導:https://video.udn.com/embed/news/1205113
rule of law意義 在 Herman Yeung Youtube 的最佳貼文
電子書 (手稿e-book) (共261頁) (HK$199)
https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=Fw_6DwAAQBAJ
Calculus 微積分系列︰ https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8o2lveHTSM04WAhaGEZE7xB
適合 DSE 無讀 M1, M2,
但上左 U 之後要讀 Calculus 的同學收睇
由最 basic (中三的 level) 教到 pure maths 的 level,
現大致已有以下內容︰
(1) Concept of Differentiation 微分概念
(2) First Principle 基本原理
(3) Rule development 法則證明
(4) Trigonometric skills 三角學技術
(5) Limit 極限
(6) Sandwiches Theorem 迫近定理
(7) Leibniz Theorem 萊布尼茲定理
(8) Logarithmic differentiation 對數求導法
(9) Implicit differentiation 隱函數微分
(10) Differentiation of more than 2 variables 超過2個變數之微分
(11) Differentiation by Calculator 微分計數機功能
(12) Application of Differentiation - curve sketching 微分應用之曲線描繪
(13) Meaning of Integration 積分意義
(14) Rule of Integration 積分法則
(15) Trigonometric rule of Integration 三角積分法則
(16) Exponential, Logarithmic rule of integration 指數、對數積分法則
(17) Integration by Substitution 代換積分法
(18) Integration by Part 分部積分法
(19) Integration Skill : Partial Fraction 積分技術︰部分分式
(20) Integration by Trigonometric Substitution 三角代換積分法
(21) t-formula
(22) Reduction formula 歸約公式
(23) Limit + Summation = Integration 極限 + 連加 = 積分
(24) Application of Integration – Area 積分應用之求面積
(25) Application of Integration – Volume 積分應用之求體積
(26) Application of Integration – Length of curve 積分應用之求曲線長度
(27) Application of Integration – Surface area 積分應用之求表面積
(28) L’ Hospital rule 洛必達定理
(29) Fundamental Theorem of Integral Calculus 微積分基礎原理
(30) Calculus on Physics 微積分於物理上的應用
(31) Calculus on Economics 微積分於經濟上的應用
(32) Calculus on Archeology 微積分於考古學上的應用
之後不斷 updated,大家密切留意
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rule of law意義 在 Herman Yeung Youtube 的最讚貼文
電子書 (手稿e-book) (共261頁) (HK$199)
https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=Fw_6DwAAQBAJ
Calculus 微積分系列︰ https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8o2lveHTSM04WAhaGEZE7xB
適合 DSE 無讀 M1, M2,
但上左 U 之後要讀 Calculus 的同學收睇
由最 basic (中三的 level) 教到 pure maths 的 level,
現大致已有以下內容︰
(1) Concept of Differentiation 微分概念
(2) First Principle 基本原理
(3) Rule development 法則證明
(4) Trigonometric skills 三角學技術
(5) Limit 極限
(6) Sandwiches Theorem 迫近定理
(7) Leibniz Theorem 萊布尼茲定理
(8) Logarithmic differentiation 對數求導法
(9) Implicit differentiation 隱函數微分
(10) Differentiation of more than 2 variables 超過2個變數之微分
(11) Differentiation by Calculator 微分計數機功能
(12) Application of Differentiation - curve sketching 微分應用之曲線描繪
(13) Meaning of Integration 積分意義
(14) Rule of Integration 積分法則
(15) Trigonometric rule of Integration 三角積分法則
(16) Exponential, Logarithmic rule of integration 指數、對數積分法則
(17) Integration by Substitution 代換積分法
(18) Integration by Part 分部積分法
(19) Integration Skill : Partial Fraction 積分技術︰部分分式
(20) Integration by Trigonometric Substitution 三角代換積分法
(21) t-formula
(22) Reduction formula 歸約公式
(23) Limit + Summation = Integration 極限 + 連加 = 積分
(24) Application of Integration – Area 積分應用之求面積
(25) Application of Integration – Volume 積分應用之求體積
(26) Application of Integration – Length of curve 積分應用之求曲線長度
(27) Application of Integration – Surface area 積分應用之求表面積
(28) L’ Hospital rule 洛必達定理
(29) Fundamental Theorem of Integral Calculus 微積分基礎原理
(30) Calculus on Physics 微積分於物理上的應用
(31) Calculus on Economics 微積分於經濟上的應用
(32) Calculus on Archeology 微積分於考古學上的應用
之後不斷 updated,大家密切留意
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pure Maths 再現系列 Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8os36AdSf64ouFT_iKbQfSZ
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Please subscribe 請訂閱︰
https://www.youtube.com/hermanyeung?sub_confirmation=1
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HKDSE Mathematics 數學天書 訂購表格及方法︰
http://goo.gl/forms/NgqVAfMVB9
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Blogger︰ https://goo.gl/SBmVOO
Facebook︰ https://www.facebook.com/hy.page
YouTube︰ https://www.youtube.com/HermanYeung
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
rule of law意義 在 Herman Yeung Youtube 的最讚貼文
電子書 (手稿e-book) (共261頁) (HK$199)
https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=Fw_6DwAAQBAJ
Quotient rule︰ https://youtu.be/fX19FOJSZfo
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Calculus 微積分系列︰ https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8o2lveHTSM04WAhaGEZE7xB
適合 DSE 無讀 M1, M2,
但上左 U 之後要讀 Calculus 的同學收睇
由最 basic (中三的 level) 教到 pure maths 的 level,
現大致已有以下內容︰
(1) Concept of Differentiation 微分概念
(2) First Principle 基本原理
(3) Rule development 法則證明
(4) Trigonometric skills 三角學技術
(5) Limit 極限
(6) Sandwiches Theorem 迫近定理
(7) Leibniz Theorem 萊布尼茲定理
(8) Logarithmic differentiation 對數求導法
(9) Implicit differentiation 隱函數微分
(10) Differentiation of more than 2 variables 超過2個變數之微分
(11) Differentiation by Calculator 微分計數機功能
(12) Application of Differentiation - curve sketching 微分應用之曲線描繪
(13) Meaning of Integration 積分意義
(14) Rule of Integration 積分法則
(15) Trigonometric rule of Integration 三角積分法則
(16) Exponential, Logarithmic rule of integration 指數、對數積分法則
(17) Integration by Substitution 代換積分法
(18) Integration by Part 分部積分法
(19) Integration Skill : Partial Fraction 積分技術︰部分分式
(20) Integration by Trigonometric Substitution 三角代換積分法
(21) t-formula
(22) Reduction formula 歸約公式
(23) Limit + Summation = Integration 極限 + 連加 = 積分
(24) Application of Integration – Area 積分應用之求面積
(25) Application of Integration – Volume 積分應用之求體積
(26) Application of Integration – Length of curve 積分應用之求曲線長度
(27) Application of Integration – Surface area 積分應用之求表面積
(28) L’ Hospital rule 洛必達定理
(29) Fundamental Theorem of Integral Calculus 微積分基礎原理
(30) Calculus on Physics 微積分於物理上的應用
(31) Calculus on Economics 微積分於經濟上的應用
(32) Calculus on Archeology 微積分於考古學上的應用
之後不斷 updated,大家密切留意
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pure Maths 再現系列 Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8os36AdSf64ouFT_iKbQfSZ
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Please subscribe 請訂閱︰
https://www.youtube.com/hermanyeung?sub_confirmation=1
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HKDSE Mathematics 數學天書 訂購表格及方法︰
http://goo.gl/forms/NgqVAfMVB9
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Blogger︰ https://goo.gl/SBmVOO
Facebook︰ https://www.facebook.com/hy.page
YouTube︰ https://www.youtube.com/HermanYeung
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
rule of law意義 在 標準的rule by law,以法治國rule of... - IEObserve 國際經濟觀察 ... 的推薦與評價
標準的rule by law,以法治國rule of law主體是法,rule by law主體是統治者兩者的意義差很大法治國就是法最大,是真正的法治而老共有中國特色的社會主義是黨最大, ... ... <看更多>